음악 분석/낭만파 음악

요한 슈트라우스 2세의 왈츠 - 〈아름답고 푸른 도나우〉

교클 2023. 2. 20. 00:00
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Johann Strauss II - 'An der schönen blauen Donau(The Blue Danube)' Op.314

 

빈에서 바라본 도나우강의 모습


도나우 강은 영어로는 다뉴브 강이라고 부르며 독일에서 시작하여 오스트리아, 루마니아, 헝가리 등 수 많은 나라들을 흘러 지나가는 거대한 강입니다. 
오스트리아 빈을 관통하는 이 강은 빈 시민들에게는 서울 시민들에게 한강과 같은 특별한 의미를 가지고 있습니다. 오스트리아의 수많은 예술가들이 이 강을 주제로 한 작품들을 만들어냈습니다.
오늘 이 곡은 요한 슈트라우스 2세의 대표작일 뿐만 아니라 도나우 강을 배경으로 한 음악들 중 가장 유명한 곡이라 할 수 있습니다.

듣기에는 아름다우면서도 밝은 왈츠곡이지만 사실 이 곡이 작곡된 배경은 그리 밝지는 않습니다.
전통적으로 게르만 민족들의 대장 국가였던 요한 슈트라우스 2세의 조국 오스트리아는 떠오르는 신흥 강국 프로이센과 독일 지역의 영향력을 두고 전쟁을 벌였지만 무참하게 패배하고 독일 지역의 영향력을 잃어버렸습니다.
이런 우울한 조국의 분위기를 전환하고자 하는 바람으로 빈 남성합창단에서 요한 슈트라우스 2세에게 왈츠 곡을 의뢰하였고 이에 응하여 작곡한 곡이 바로 〈아름답고 푸른 도나우〉입니다.

 

요한 슈트라우스 2세(1825-1899)


이 곡의 의뢰인을 보면 알 수 있듯이 처음 이 곡은 남성 합창이 들어간 곡이었습니다.
사실 합창이 들어간 왈츠는 큰 성공을 거두지 못하였습니다. 
하지만 같은 해 파리 만국 박람회에서 남성 합창단을 뺀 순수 관현악곡으로 다시 공연했을 때에는 대성공을 하였고 이후 이 곡은 그의 대표곡이 되었습니다. 당연히 그 이후로 현재까지 합창 버전보다는 관현악 버전이 훨씬 많이 연주되고 있습니다.

이 곡은 빈 필하모닉 신년음악회의 고정 앙코르 곡입니다.
신년음악회에서는 앙코르 곡으로 항상 나오는 두 곡이 있는데 그 중 하나가 바로 이 곡이며  바로 이어서 마지막으로 연주하는 곡이 그 유명한 ‘라데츠키 행진곡’입니다.
라데츠키 행진곡이 오스트리아의 영광의 역사를 상징한다면 이 곡은 오스트리아의 가슴 아픈 역사를 상징한다고 할 수 있습니다.(참조: https://schoolclassical.tistory.com/54 )

 

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곡의 분석
작곡연도: 1866년
초연일: 1867년 2월 15일

초연 장소: 오스트리아 제국 빈, Dianabadsaal
의뢰: Wiener Männergesang-Verein(빈 남성합창단) 

악기 구성은 전형적인 2관 편성 오케스트라에 하프와 트라이앵글이 들어왔습니다.
조성은 A장조이며 전체 연주시간은 대략 10분 정도입니다.
서주는 호른과 바이올린의 트레몰로로 조용하게 시작되는데 도나우 강이 흐르는 모습을 떠올리게 합니다. 이후로는 정해진 형식 없이 자유롭게 전개됩니다. 곡 전체에서는 대략 5개 정도의 작은 왈츠들이 모여 하나의 곡으로 구성되어 있습니다.

 

아름답고 푸른 도나우. 2020 빈 필하모닉 신년음악회. 안드리스 넬슨스 지휘

 

합창 가사(더보기를 클릭하면 볼 수 있습니다.)

더보기

Donau so blau,
so schön und blau,
durch Tal und Au
wogst ruhig du hin,
dich grüßt unser Wien,
dein silbernes Band
knüpft Land an Land,
und fröhliche Herzen schlagen
an deinem schönen Strand.

Weit vom Schwarzwald her
eilst du hin zum Meer,
spendest Segen
allerwegen,
ostwärts geht dein Lauf,
nimmst viel Brüder auf:
Bild der Einigkeit
für alle Zeit!
Alte Burgen seh'n
nieder von den Höh'n,
grüssen gerne
dich von ferne
und der Berge Kranz,
hell vom Morgenglanz,
spiegelt sich in deiner Wellen Tanz.

Die Nixen auf dem Grund,
die geben's flüsternd kund,
was Alles du erschaut,
seit dem über dir der Himmel blaut.
Drum schon in alter Zeit
ward dir manch' Lied geweiht;
und mit dem hellsten Klang
preist immer auf's Neu' dich unser Sang.

Halt' an deine Fluten bei Wien,
es liebt dich ja so sehr!
Du findest, wohin du magst zieh'n,
ein zweites Wien nicht mehr!
Hier quillt aus voller Brust
der Zauber heit'rer Lust,
und treuer, deutscher Sinn
streut aus seine Saat von hier weithin.

Du kennst wohl gut deinen Bruder, den Rhein,
an seinen Ufern wächst herrlicher Wein,
dort auch steht bei Tag und bei Nacht
die feste treue Wacht.
Doch neid' ihm nicht jene himmlische Gab',
bei dir auch strömt reicher Segen herab,
und es schützt die tapfere Hand
auch unser Heimatland!

D'rum laßt uns einig sein,
schliesst Brüder, fest den Reih'n,
froh auch in trüber Zeit,
Mut, wenn Gefahr uns dräut,
Heimat am Donaustrand,
bist uns'rer Herzen Band,
dir sei für alle Zeit
Gut und Blut geweiht!

Das Schifflein fährt auf den Wellen so sacht,
still ist die Nacht,
die Liebe nur wacht,
der Schiffer flüstert der Liebsten ins Ohr,
daß längst schon sein Herz sie erkor.
O Himmel, sei gnädig dem liebenden Paar,
schutz' vor Gefahr es immerdar!
Nun fahren dahin sie in seliger Ruh',
O Schifflein, far' immer nur zu!

Junges Blut,
frischer Muth,
o wie glücklich macht,
dem vereint ihr lacht!
Lieb und Lust
schwellt die Brust,
hat das Größte in der Welt vollbracht.

Nun singst ein fröhliches seliges Lied,
das wie Jauchzen die Lüfte durchzieht,
von den Herzen laut widerklingt
und ein festes Band um uns schlingt.

Frei und treu in Lied und Tat,
bringt ein Hoch der Wienerstadt,
die auf's Neu' erstand voller Pracht
und die Herzen erobert mit Macht.

Und zum Schluß
bringt noch einen Gruß
uns'rer lieben Donau dem herrlichen Fluß.
Was der Tag
uns auch bringen mag,
Treu' und Einigkeit
soll uns schützen zu jeglicher Zeit!

 


영어 번역
Danube so blue,
so bright and blue,
through vale and field
you flow so calm,
our Vienna greets you,
your silver stream
through all the lands
you merry the heart
with your beautiful shores.

Far from the Black Forest
you hurry to the sea
giving your blessing
to everything.
Eastward you flow,
welcoming your brothers,
A picture of peace
for all time!
Old castles looking
down from high,
greet you smiling
from their steep
and craggy hilltops,
and the mountains' vistas
mirror in your dancing waves.

The mermaids from the riverbed,
whispering as you flow by,
are heard by everything
under the blue sky above.
The noise of your passing
is a song from old times
and with the brightest sounds
your song leads you ever on.

Stop your tides at Vienna,
it loves you so much!
Whenever you might look
Another Vienna you will find nowhere!
Here pours a full chest
the charms of happy wishes,
and heartfelt German wishes
are flown away on your waters.

You know very well your brother, the Rhine,
on its banks grows a magnificent wine,
there is also, day and night,
the fixed and faithful watch.
But envy him not those heavenly gifts
by you, too, many blessings stream down
and the brave hand protects
our homeland!

Therefore let us be united,
joined brothers, in strong ranks,
happy even in troubled times;
Brave, when danger threatens us,
Home on the Danube beach,
are our hearts bound,
To thee for all time
Good and blood are consecrated!

The boat travels on the waves so softly,
quiet is the night,
love watching only
the sailor whispers in the lover's ear,
that his heart long ago she owned.
O Heaven, have mercy on the loving couple,
protect them from danger there forever!
Now they pass on in blissful repose,
Boat, sail always on!

Young blood
fresh courage,
O how happy,
it unites laughter!
Love and passion
fills the breast
it's the greatest in the world.

Now sing a cheerful and blessed song,
the jubilation as the air permeates
echoed loudly by the heart
and tie a band around us.

Free and faithful in song and deed,
Bring a height to Vienna city
bought it on the new full glory
and conquered with force.

And in conclusion
brings even a greeting
to our love of the beautiful Danube River.
Whatever the day
may bring us,
Loyalty and unity
is to protect us all the time!

 

아름답고 푸른 도나우-합창버전. 부산시립소년소녀합창단 노래

 

기타
이 곡은 여러 드라마, 영화 등에서도 인용이 되었습니다.
가장 유명한 사례는 영화사에서 불멸의 명작이 된 《2001: 스페이스 오디세이》입니다.
이 영화에서는 2막에서 우주를 묘사하는 장면에서 나오는데 마치 우주를 유영하는 것 같은 인상 깊은 효과를 주었기 때문에 이 영화를 패러디할 때에도 종종 등장합니다. 
그 외에도 2021년에는 전 세계적으로 엄청난 신드롬을 불러일으킨 넷플릭스의 《오징어 게임》에도 등장했습니다.
드라마에서는 게임을 시작하기 전 이동 통로에서 틀어놓았는데 곧이어 대량학살이 일어나는 게임이 시작하죠. 사실상 학살을 알리는 전주곡이라고 할 수 있습니다. 
이 작품 안에서는 음악과 상황의 부조화가 두드러지며 세트장의 화사한 색감과 더불어 작품의 기괴한 분위기를 연출해내는 역할을 합니다.

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